COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
ECE 6101 SEMICONDUCTOR
TECHNOLOGY
Classification of semiconductors / Element and integrated
semiconductor crystal structures / Miller indexes / Si and
Ga crystal manufacturing, purification of crystals and
monocrystal manufacturing /
Epitaxial growth
in Silicon and GaAs crystals from liquid and gaseous
phases; diffusion, ion planting, oxidation process /
Fundamental processes in Bipolar and MOS technologies;
lithograph, erosion, layer growth, doping processes, /
Example processes for manufacturing techniques of circuit
elements.
ECE 6102 FUNDAMENTAL
PROCESSES
IN ADVANCED LEVEL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY
Introduction to integrated
circuit technology / Defining the fundamental processes in
integrated circuit manufacturing / the methods used
formation of thin films / Monocyrstal chip and epi-layers
/ Usage of temperature grown SiO2 layers /
Obtaining SiO2 layers from chemical vapor and
application areas / phosphorus glass and application areas /
formation of Silisit layers and application areas /
Refractor metal layers / Aluminum contacts / Organic layers
/
lithograph.
ECE 6103 ADVANCED DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Multi valued logic / determining the error in combinational
circuits / successive machines / Regular expressions /
Realization of successive circuits.
ECE 6104 SWITCHING
THEORY
Boolen algebra and Boole functions / Vectoral switching
algebra and vectoral switching functions / Boole
differential calculation / Special switching functions.
ECE 6105 INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
CONTROL SYSTEMS
Introduction to Industrial Automation Control Systems,
Sensors, Transducers use with Industrial Automation Control
Systems and its applications, Operational Amplifiers and its
applications., Analog to digital, Digital to analog,
Frequency to voltage, voltage to frequency Converters,
Control applications used with discrete circuit component,
Microprocessor based control applications, Temperature or
motor control system design and application, LABVIEW control
software and its applications.
ECE 6106 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), Relay
logic circuits, ladder diagrams, PLC technologies, PLC
structures and its internal circuits, PLC Programming
languages, basic commands, programming examples, Advance
programming, computing commands, programming examples, Using
PLC connected with personal computer (IBM PC), simulating,
debugging and real time monitoring, Designing and realizing
microcontroller based basic PLC system.
ECE 6107 ACTIVE FILTER SYNTHESIS
Introduction: Network Functions, Types of Filters, Frequency
and Impedance Denormalizations, Examples of Filter
Applications. Approximation: Magnitude Approximation,
Transformations of the Complex-Frequency Variable, Phase
Approximation. Sensitivity: Relative Sensitivity Relations,
Function Sensitivity, Coefficient Sensitivity, Unnormalized
Root Sensitivity, Quality Factor and Corner frequency
Sensitivity, Parasitic Sensitivity. Single-Amplifier Active
RC Filters: Finite-Gain Single-Amplifier Filters,
Infinite-Gain Single-Amplifier Filters, Higher Order
Filters, Operational Amplifier Parasitics and
Gain-Bandwidth.
Multiple-Amplifier RC Filters: The State-Variable Filter,
Other Multiple-Amplifier Filters, Biquadratic
Multiple-Amplifiers Filters, The Universal Active Filter.
Direct Realization Methods: Active Network Elements for
Direct Realizations, Transmission Parameters, Generalized
Impedance Converter, Inductance Simulation,
Frequency-Dependent Negative Resistors, Leapfrog Realization
Techniques. Switched Capacitor Filters: The Switch Capacitor
(SC), Effect of Parasitics, Basic SC Integrators, Other SC
Circuits, SC Tow-Thomas Circuit, SC Leapfrog Filter.
ECE 6108 SENSITIVITY AND TOLERANCE ANALYSIS
Sensitivity concept: Normalized, semi normalized and
normalized sensitivity / Sensitivity of circuit, amplitude
and phase functions / Zero, pole and value coefficient
sensitivity / relations between sensitivities and active
filter synthesis applications / Determining sensitivities:
Signal-flow graph, General Methods based on cycle difference
concept and Tellegen theory / Tolerance: Deterministic and
statistical tolerances / Finding the optimum tolerance /
Determining the circuits with small tolerance and
sensitivity optimization: Sensitivity criteria,
deterministic and statistical sensitivity measurements.
ECE 6109 NEURAL NETWORKS AND APPLICATIONS
Neural computation and history / Biological neural networks
and biological neuron / Neuron model / Activation functions
/ Network topologies : Feed forward and feed back networks /
Artificial neural network models : Static and dynamic
networks / Training of artificial neural networks:
Supervised and unsupervised learning / Input and weight
vector spaces / Learning rules : Hebb rule, Perceptron rule,
Delta rule, Widrow-Hoff rule, Competitive learning rule /
ADALINE / Perceptron / Multilayer perceptrons and back
propagation algorithm, generalized Delta rule / RBF networks
/ CSFN networks / Associative memories / Hopfield networks
/ Self organizing feature maps / Applications of neural
networks.
ECE 6110 MODEL AND DYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Biochemical systems and their dynamics / Physiological
systems / Flow diagrams of biochemical systems / Modeling of
biochemical systems as electrical circuit / Mathematical
model of biochemical systems / Electrical stimulation and
contracted tissues / Electrical current and voltage
functions in a nerve membrane / Electrical equivalent
circuits and mathematical model of nerve membrane /
Structure and physiology of cardiovascular system / Heart as
a muscle and pump / Electrical activity of heart / Modeling
of cardiovascular system as electrical and hydraulic circuit
and obtaining the mathematical model / Electrical, hydraulic
and mathematical model of circulation system / Respiration
system / Electrical and mathematical model of respiration
system / Electrical and mathematical model of membranes and
neurons / Neural circuits and system modeling / Modeling
application of specific biological and physiological
systems.
ECE 6111
DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS OF MEDICAL
ELECTRONICS
Physiological systems in human body / signal processing and
amplification / Bio-potential amplifiers and converters in
medical electronics / Computer usage in medical electronics
/ Medical system applications of hardware design /
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
measurement systems / EKGs systems with microprocessors and
cardio tachometer / Electroencephalogram (EEG) and
measurements / Human circulatory system /
Methods used in measurement of Blood pressure /
Microprocessor systems measures average blood pressure /
Blood flow and cardiac output flow measurement methods /
Impedance
pletismograph /
respiration system physiology / Respiration system
measurements / Stimulation of heart / Pacemaker defibrators
/ Radiological and nuclear methods used in medical
electronics.
ECE 6112 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Physical Transformations of Signals: Sampling, the
periodicity property in the sampled signal in the frequency
domain and aliasing, Condition on the sampling frequency/
A/D and D/A converters/Convolution, impulse response and
the convolution mask/ Mathematical Transformations of
Signals: The z-transform, the transfer function and its
applications/The Fourier transform, The discrete-time
Fourier transform, Discrete-time Fourier series, Discrete
Fourier series, The fast Fourier transform (FFT)/
Mathematical Transformations of Systems: Difference
equations from differential equations, Various approximation
methods and their interpretations/ Realization of analog
filters using digital filters/ Discrete-time systems:
Discrete-time systems and their realizations, FIR and IIR
filters: Moving average and comb filters, low-pass,
high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters, Median
filters.
ECE 6113 BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS
Radio activities / Nuclear instrumentation / Nuclear imaging
methods /X-ray devices / Computer aided tomography / Radio
isotope cameras / Digital radiography / Nuclear magnetic
resonance imaging systems / Basic ultrasonic concepts /
Propagation ultrasonic waves live tissues / Measurement of
physiological entities with ultrasonography / Ultrasonic
imaging methods / Auto magnetism and usage for imaging
purposes / Lasers and applications in medical electronics.
ECE 6114 FUZZY CLUSTERS AND FUZZY LOGIC
Introduction / Fuzzy clusters, classical clusters / Fuzzy
logic operations / Fuzzy arithmetic / Fuzzy relations /
Fuzzy relation equations / Probability theory / Fuzzy logic
/ uncertainty based information.
ECE 6115 SWITCH-MODE POWER SUPPLIES
The importance of switch-mode conversion in power and energy
processing, Basic converters, DC to DC converters,
Mathematical models of DC to DC converters. Transformer
coupled high frequency converters, DC to AC converters,
Harmonic analysis, Resonance converters, Control of
switch-mode converters.
ECE 6116 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL SYSTEM DESIGN
Artificial neural systems and neural computation; artificial
neural system design, software implementation / Hardware
implementation; design parameters, engineering approach to
neural computation / Analog, digital and optical
implementations, analog implementations, analog design
blocks, examples / Digital implementations, digital design
blocks, digital artificial neural network circuits; Optical
design and examples; intelligent sensors and their design;
artificial organs.
ECE 6117 COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Introduction to computational intelligence algorithms /
trained learning of forward feeding networks / Self
refreshing networks / Untrained learning / Statistical
techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms / Base
vector ( Kernel based) machines / Decision trees /
Applications.
ECE 6118 COMPUTATIONAL
BIOINFORMATICS
Genomic sequence analysis by computational intelligence, use
of existing computational tools such as FASTA and BLAST
available on the internet, investigation and use of DNA data
bases, DNA microarrays and chips, biomedical and other
applications.
ECE 6119 IMAGE PROCESSING WITH APPLICATIONS USING ARTIFICIAL
NEURAL NETWORKS
Mathematical model of an image/ the frequency concept in an
image and its frequency spectrum/Sampling of an image,
aliasing and conditions on sampling frequency/ Separability
in 2-D signals/Periodicity concept in an image, Expansion of
an image into Fourier series, Construction of an image from
its harmonics/The 2-D Fourier transform, The Fourier
transform of separable images/ The z-transform and transfer
function/The linear operations applied to an image:
convolution, mask and impulse response/2-D FIR filters:
low-pass, high-pass, band-pass filters/Methods of Image
enhacement/2-D IIR filters: recursive computability and its
conditions/Other operations applied to images/ Cellular
Neural Networks and their applications in 2-D
filtering,/Other applications of Cellular Neural Networks in
image processing.
ECE 6188 MASTER’S SEMINAR
Seminar topics are decided either with the student’s advisor
or the course instructor. The topics are chosen in
electrical engineering compatible with the student's
prerequisites, interest, and ability. After the approval of
the advisor, the student will write an article in the YTU
journal format and submit it to the advisor or the course
instructor one week before giving an oral presentation
describing the student's research. The presentation will
typically be a 30-minute presentation before the faculty and
graduate students.
ECE 6189 DOCTORAL SEMINAR
Seminar topics are decided either with the student’s advisor
or the course instructor. The topics are chosen in
electrical engineering compatible with the student's
prerequisites, interest, and ability. After the approval of
the advisor, the student will write an article in the YTU
journal format and submit it to the advisor or the course
instructor one week before giving an oral presentation
describing the student's research. The presentation will
typically be a 30-minute presentation before the faculty and
graduate students.
ECE 6202 PROBABILISTIC METHODS OF SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Random Processes: Continuous and Discrete Random Processes,
Deterministic and Nondeterministic Random Processes,
Stationary and Nonstationary Random Processes, Ergodic and
Nonergodic Random Processes, Measurement of Process
Parameters; Correlation Functions: Autocorrelation Function
of a binary Process, Properties of Autocorrelation
Functions, Measurement of Autocorrelation Functions,
Examples of Autocorrelation Functions, Cross-correlation
Functions, Properties of Cross-correlation Functions,
Examples and Applications of Cross-correlation Functions;
Spectral Density: Relation of Spectral Density to the
Fourier Transform, Properties of Spectral Density, Spectral
Density and the Complex Frequency Plane, Mean-Square Values
from Spectral Density, Relation of Spectral Density to the
Autocorrelation Function, White Noise, Cross-spectral
Density, Measurement of Spectral Density, Examples and
Applications of Spectral Density; Response of Linear Systems
to Random Inputs: Analysis in the Time Domain, Mean and Mean
Square Value of System Output, Autocorrelation Function of
System Output, Cross-correlation Between Input and Output,
Example of Time-Domain System Analysis, Analysis in
Frequency Domain, Spectral Density at the System Output,
Cross-Spectral Densities Between Input and Output, Examples
of Frequency Domain Analysis; Optimum Linear Systems:
Criteria of Optimality, Restriction on the Optimum System,
Optimization by Parameter Adjustment, Systems Maximize
Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Systems that Minimize Mean-Square
Error.
ECE 6209 QUANTUM ELECTRONICS IN DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES
AND SYSTEMS
Basic theorems and postulates of quantum mechanics. The
Schrödinger wave equation. Some solutions of the
time-independent Schrödinger equation. Matrix formulation of
quantum mechanic. Lattice vibrations and their quantization.
Electromagnetic fields and their quantization. The
propagation of optical beams in homogeneous and lenslike
media. Optical
resonators. Interaction of radiation and atomic systems.
Laser oscillation. Some specific laser systems,
semiconductor lasers. Q switching and mode locking of
lasers. Amplification signals and spontaneous emission in
laser media. Noise in laser amplifiers and oscillators. The
modulation of optical radiation. Parametric amplification,
oscillation, and fluorescence. Stimulated Raman and
Brillouin scattering. Propagation, modulation, and
oscillation in optical dielectric waveguides.
ECE 6211 THE SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
The principles of solar energy. Solar radiation and
measurements. The solar radiation maps of Earth.
Semiconductor physics. Semiconductor-electrolyte junctions
and transfer reactions. Molecular electronics. Organic
semiconductors. Semiconductor solar cells. The materials for
photoelectrochemical batteries. Organic solar cells.
Theoretical approaches. Storage of solar energy. Other
applications.
ECE 6212 THE THEORY OF COMPLEX FUNCTIONS IN ENGINEERING AND
APPLIED PHYSICS
The basis of the theory of functions of a complex variable:
Analytic functions. Analytic continuation. Riemann surfaces.
Meromorphic functions. Singularities of complex functions.
Complex series and integration. Cauchy's integral theorem.
Cauchy's integrals. Taylor's expansion. Laurent's expansion.
The theorem of residues, the application of the theory of
residues, integral and fractional functions. Functions of
several variables and matrix functions. Conform transform
and the two dimensional field. Linear differential
equations; the special functions. Spherical functions,
Bessel functions, the hermitian and Laguerre polynomials,
elliptic integrals and elliptic functions; the conversion of
matrices into canonical form. Sturm Liouville problems.
Cauchy's principal value. Asymptotic expansions. Asymptotic
approaches.
ECE 6214 NONLINEAR MICROWAVE CIRCUITS
Introduction, Fundamental
Concepts, and Definitions: Linearity and Nonlinearity;
Frequency Generation ; Nonlinear Phenomena; Approaches to
Analysis; Power and Gain Definitions/ Definitions of the
Linear and Nonlinear R,L,C Elements: Relations I/V ; Q/V;
/
I / Analysis Methods for the Nonlinear Circuits:
Harmonic-Balance and Large -Signal – Small – Signal
Analysis; Volterra –Series and Power-Series / Manley –Rowe
Frequency Relations and Applications / Page Relation /
Important Nonlinear Microwave Circuits: Diode Mixers – Diode
Frequency Multipliers - MESFET Small-Signal Amplifiers –
MESFET Power Amplifiers – FET Frequency Multipliers – FET
Mixers – Seminar.
ECE 6216 NOISE IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Mathematical Concepts: Stochastic processes; Fourier Series
Representation; Signal Energy and Average power. Power
Spectrum Function ,Wiener-Hopf Theorem, Auto and Cross
Power Spectrum Functions and obtaining them Auto and
Cross Correlation functions, application to the typical
noise processes: Thermal noise and Shot noise/ Noise in
One-ports: Thermal noise; definitions of Noise quantities :
The Equivalent Noise Resistance , the Noise Conductance, the
extended noise Temperature; Calculation with Noise
Quantities: Series and Parallel connections of One-ports
characterized by either equivalent Noise Resistances
(Conductances) or Extended Noise Temperatures/ Noise
characteristics of Multi-ports: Power Gains; Definitions of
Noise Quantities: Effective Noise Temperature, the Noise
Factor, the Operating Noise Temperature; Average Noise
Quantities: Average Effective Noise Temperature, Average
Noise Factor, Average Operating Noise Temperature/ Noise
Parameters: Noise Voltages and Currents; the Equivalent
Noise Two-Port; Y-Z Noise Parameters; Noise Measure and
Graphic Representations Noise Power Waves-Noise Parameters;
Transformation between set of noise parameters./ Noise
Measure and Graphic Representations/ Noise in the embedded
Networks/Seminar.
ECE 6219 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING
Discrete random processes/ linear transformations / Optimum
filtering / linear prediction / linear models / Classical
prediction techniques / Linear models based spectrum
estimation / Maximum likelihood estimation (ML)/ Subspace
methods / Applications.
ECE 6222 ADAPTIVE FILTER THEORY
Stochastic Processes / Wiener Filter Theory / Linear
Prediction / Adaptive Filters / Least Mean Square Algorithm
/ Recursive Least Squares Method / Lattice Filters / Some
Applications.
ECE 6231 TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIGNAL
AND IMAGE PROCESSING
Signal and image processing: Basic concepts / Discrete
Fourier Transform / FIR and IIR filters / Image recognition
/ Sampling and quantization of images / Image
transformations / Statistical image models / Image
improvement / Image coding.
ECE 6232
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) / Sampling / Sample and
Hold systems / PAM demodulation methods / Pulse Time
Modulation (PTM) / Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) / Pulse
Duration Modulation (PDM) / Demodulation of PPM and PDM /
Bandwidth requirements / Multiplexing / TDM and FDM /
Quantization / Quantization errors / PCM / Detection of
baseband PCM / Delta Modulation / Advanced PSK systems.
ECE 6234 SPEECH PROCESSING
Signal processing: Basic concepts / Structures and
properties of speech signals / Coding and usage of speech
signals / Techniques for identification of speech signals /
Synthesis of speech signals / Noise cancellation and quality
improvement in speech signals.
ECE 6236 DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Signal processing: Basic concepts / Digital Signal
Processors (DSP) / Finite word-length arithmetic, overflow
and quantization errors / Fixed and floating point DSP / DSP
architectures / DSP families / Applications.
ECE 6239 LINEAR MICROWAVE CIRCUITS II
Performance Measure Functions of a Microwave transistor:
Noise Figure F(w), Transducer Power Gain GT(w) ,
Input VSWR Vi(w) , Output VSWR Vo(w)
/ Dependences of the Performance Measure Functions on the
Source (ZS or GS)
and Load (ZL or GL)
terminations/F=const.; GT= const. and Vi= const.
Circles on the Source plane/ Control of the positions of
the Vi(GT) circles with respect
to the noise ( F ) circle and mapping onto the Input (Zin
or Gin)
plane : The T1 and T2 Circles /
Possible Solution Regions for the Compatible (F, Vi,
GT) Triplets / Stability of a Microwave
Transistor: Stability Circles / Unconditionally Stable
Working Area (USWA) /Constrained Gain Circles by the Input
VSWR on the Input plane/Design Configuration /
Compatible (F, Vi, GT) triplets and
determination of the ZS(GS)
and ZL(GL)
terminations/ Performance Characteristics of a Microwave
Transistor and Utilization on the design of the narrow-
mid- and broad-band amplifier/ Worked Examples/Feedback
Microwave Amplifiers/ Performance Characteristics of a
Microwave Transistor applied Reactive Feedback either
series or parallel/ Design of the Low-noise Feedback
Microwave amplifiers/ Seminar.
ECE 6240 LINEAR MICROWAVE
CIRCUITS I
Characterizations Parameters of a Microwave Linear Two-Port
and Conversion Formulae/ Definitions for the Activity,
Passivity and Reciprocity and the resulted Inter-relations
between the Characterization Parameters/ Scattering
Parameter Modeling of a Microwave Linear Two-Port /
Canonical Form of the Scattering Parameters of a Lossless
Microwave Two-Port : Representation of the Scattering
Parameters via the Belevitch Functions / Operation Domain
of a Microwave transistor for the Linear amplification:
Type of the Configuration (CT) ; Bias Conditions VDS,
IDS ; Operation frequency f /Modeling of the
Transistor for the Linear Operation throughout its
operation domain : Equivalent Circuits –Physical Equivalent
Circuit ;Soft Models : Artificial Neural Transistor –Fuzzy
Logic Transistor- Worked Examples/Broadband Matching
Problem: Real Frequency Technique /Worked Examples for
realization of the Port or Transfer Functions using the
elements of the Lumped and /or Distributed parameters/
Seminar.
ECE 6241 CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS (CNN) AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS IN IMAGE PROCESSING
Definition of CNN and its mathematical model, physical
structure/Simulation of CNN: Solution of CNN differential
equations using difference equations and their conditions,
The raster simulation of CNN/ CNN templates and
applications/Stability and chaos in CNN: definition of
stability, stability criteria, chaos and its definition,
examples from stable and chaotic CNN and its significance in
applications/Partial differential equations and CNN: The
compatibility of CNN architecture for simulations of partial
differential equations/ Reaction-diffusion equation, Spatio
-Temporal concept and circuits that possess such features,
Applications of CNN in motion analysis and detection,
Delayed CNN/ Linear CNN and 2-D filters: Low-pass, high-pass
and band-pass 2-D CNN filters, Gabor-type filters,
Applications of CNN Gabor-type filters in handwritten
character and fingerprint recognition/ CNN models and vision
systems: Application of CNN in retina modeling and filtering
in digital camera, CNN models in the visual pathway and the
“Bionic Eye”.
ECE 6242 DIGITAL FILTERS
Neighborhood concept in the filtering of time and spatial
signals, Frequency selectivity concept/The relationship
between analog and digital filters/Obtaining difference
equations from differential equations, Various approximation
methods and their interpretations/FIR filters: Moving
average and comb filters, Low-pass, high-pass, band-pass
filters, Median filters/IIR filters: low-pass, high-pass,
band-pass filters/ FIR filter design and implementations/IIR
filter design and implementations/FIR and IIR filter
applications, Adaptive filters.
